The hero (not the god) Quetzalcoatl either came as a stranger to the Aztecs from an unknown land or was born in Tula, where he reigned as priest-king. The worship of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl can be dated back to as early as 3rd Century C.E. Quetzalcoatls link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. After many trials and tribulations he was able to escape Mictlan and carry the bones to Tamoanchan, home of the gods. As his body burned his heart rose to heaven, and after four days he became the planet Venus, the Morning Star. why did alex and ellen breakup on family ties; medical record keeping guidelines; elle uk media kit 2021; trey baxter model. Tezcatlicopa transformed himself into a tiger and emerged from the waves, attacking and devouring the giants; then, passing to the nocturnal heavens, he became the constellation of the Great Bear. There is another, better-known account in the Annals of Cuauhtitlan. They brought spirits with them: Toltec Quetzalcoatl became Mayan Kukulcan. The Aztec religion is a polytheistic and monistic pantheism in which the Nahua concept of teotl was construed as the supreme god Ometeotl, as well as a diverse pantheon of lesser gods and manifestations of nature. How can a man remain among them filled as I am with foul sores, his face wrinkled and his aspect loathsome? 5D's, Beyblade: Metal Fusion, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia and Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (the latter two depicting Quetzalcoatl as a female dragon deity); the Megami Tensei video game franchise; the video games Fate/Grand Order, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy XV, Sanitarium, Smite (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine; as the main antagonist in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"; and in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel books. In his form as Ehecatl he is the wind, and is represented by spider monkeys, ducks, and the wind itself. At some point, Quetzalcoatls sister Quetzalpetlatl or Xochiquetzal arrived. [30], He is also attributed with having brought the cacao plant from a sacred mountain to the Toltec people, teaching the women how to make traditional drinking chocolate.[31]. [43] In a 1986 paper for Sunstone, he noted that during the Spanish Conquest, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. Encyclopedia of World Mythology and Legend, Third Edition Written by Anthony S. Mercatante & James R. Dow Copyright 2009 by Anthony S. Mercatante, Quetzalcoatl means the plumed or feathered serpent.. The first century of the Toltec civilization was dominated by the Teotihuacn culture, with its inspired ideals of priestly rule and peaceful behaviour. This confederacy engaged in almost seventy-five years of nearly continuous conflict with the Aztec Empire of the Triple Alliance until the arrival of Corts. yourself as you are seen by others. And with that he handed him the mirror. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: kid birthday party venues louisville, ky Post comments: weezer pink triangle problematic weezer pink triangle problematic Two groups underscoring the excellence of folkloric styles who are among the seven dance ensembles being presented at this year's Utah Arts Festival are Ballet Folklorico Quetzalcoatl de Utah (June 24, Festival Stage, 6 p.m.) and Carnaval de Barranquilla Utah (June 25, The Round, 12:45 p.m.), which is part of inaugural UAF's Emerging . I shall be seen no more: I shall no longer frighten my people. But Tezcatlipoca said he could conceal the defects on Quetzalcoatls face. Did Motecuhzoma really think Corts was a god? 22(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Bust of Quetzalcoatl (R), British Museum; drawing of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (R) based on the Codex Borbonicus(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 9: Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizpantecuhtli, god of Venus. Over time, Quetzalcoatl's appearance, clothing, malevolent nature, and status among the gods were reshaped to fit a more Christian framework. Flowers especially hyacinths, copal incense, seashells, chocolate, Cihuacoatl; Kolowisi; Oiwa; Malinalxochitl; Mictlantecuhtli; Tezcatlipoca; Xochiquetzal; Xolotl. Mexico's flagship airline Aeromxico has a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in a special Quetzalcoatl livery. Cholula remained the most important center of worship of Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered-serpent deity, in the post-classic period. This article is about a Mesoamerican deity. [37] This speech, which has been widely referred to, has been a factor in the widespread belief that Moctezuma was addressing Corts as the returning god Quetzalcoatl. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and was considered a great cultural hero. The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. (Image credit: Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia (INAH)/Sergio Gmez . Quetzalcoatl then swept the earth with a violent tornado that destroyed all of the inhabitants except for a few who were changed into monkeys. Then, when Tezcatlipoca placed Tlaloc, the rain god, as the sun in the heavens, Quetzalcoatl poured a flood of fire upon the earth, drove Tlaloc from the sky, and placed in his stead, as sun, the goddess Chalchiutlicue, the Emerald Skirted, wife of Tlaloc. When she ruled as sun, the earth was flooded, and all humans were drowned again except for those who were changed into fishes. He was then admitted into the presence of Quetzalcoatl. At last he reached Tlapallan, and on the day he arrived he fell sick and died. A bouquet of flowers found in a tunnel under a Teotihuacan pyramid survived a bonfire about 2,000 years ago. A 2012 exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the Dallas Museum of Art, "The Children of the Plumed Serpent: the Legacy of Quetzalcoatl in Ancient Mexico", demonstrated the existence of a powerful confederacy of Eastern Nahuas, Mixtecs and Zapotecs, along with the peoples they dominated throughout southern Mexico between 1200 and 1600 (Pohl, Fields, and Lyall 2012, Harvey 2012, Pohl 2003). Quetzalcoatl was associated with the wind-god Ehecatl and is often depicted with his insignia: a beak-like mask. [22] A third story narrates that Chimalman was hit in the womb by an arrow shot by Mixcoatl and nine months later she gave birth to a child which was called Quetzalcoatl. An architectural sculpture from Teotihuacan of Quetzalcoatl, the Plumed-Serpent god of Mesoamerican religion and mythology. Contains spam, fake content or potential malware, Encyclopedia of World Mythology and Legend, Third Edition, Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. Based on Mesoamerican folklore, Quetzalcoatl is the one who created the world and all of mankind, and was regarded as the god of wind and rain. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[8] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. Download Full Size Image. They had a son, but there was no wife for him to marry, so the four gods made one out of the hair taken from the head of their divine mother, Zochiquetzal. In Nhuatl, the word Xolotl was often associated with the concept of twins and physical deformity, so statues of the deity often portray a dog with twin heads, or ragged ears and running sores. He lived a life of fasting and prayer. Really it was just alcohol, something which the ascetic, celibate Quetzalcoatl had never tasted. Then Tezcatlipoca took the strong pulque he had brewed and gave some to Quetzalcoatl, who became drunk. His hair is red and his body painted with red and white stripes. Codex Maglabecchiano, fol. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. The Tlaxcalteca, along with other city-states across the Plain of Puebla, then supplied the auxiliary and logistical support for the conquests of Guatemala and West Mexico while Mixtec and Zapotec caciques (Colonial indigenous rulers) gained monopolies in the overland transport of Manila galleon trade through Mexico, and formed highly lucrative relationships with the Dominican order in the new Spanish imperial world economic system that explains so much of the enduring legacy of indigenous life-ways that characterize southern Mexico and explain the popularity of the Quetzalcoatl legends that continued through the colonial period to the present day. His sea voyage to the east should probably be connected with the invasion of Yucatn by the Itz, a tribe that showed strong Toltec features. "[17], Quetzalcoatl also became linked with rulership and priestly office; additionally, among the Toltec, the name was used as a military title and its representation as an emblem. As the god of learning, of writing, and of books, Quetzalcatl was particularly venerated in the calmecac, religious colleges annexed to the temples, in which the future priests and the sons of the nobility were educated. Foil 251v of the Libro de los Ritos of D. Dur?n. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. phasmophobia alternative ports setting; fbi files miami shootout 07v(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Quetzalcoatl (left) and Tezcatlipoca in one of a two-page binding together of the lunar and solar calendars. Round monuments occur particularly often in Huastec territory. Quetzalcoatl said that the heavens and the stars had already warned him that after four years he must leave, and he would therefore obey. Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. pictures of antonia lofaso and heavy d. Menu. His names outside the Aztec cultural area include Kukulcn, Gucumatz and Votan. Quetzalcoatl became placid. In a variant of the end of the legend, Quetzalcoatl departed on a raft toward the east, saying he would one day return. In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. Yet another version says rival priests raped Quetzalpetlatl but blamed Quetzalcoatl. Bird, Snake, Dog, Wind, Priest, Roadsweeper even Planet! Some he left in Cholula and others in Cempoal. But what were his monster-killing, sky-lifting and star-forming capacities in the face of his sneaky brother Tezcatlipoca? Among the Aztecs, the name Quetzalcoatl was also a priestly title, as the two most important priests of the Aztec Templo Mayor were called "Quetzalcoatl Tlamacazqui". There his attendants built a funeral pyre, and he threw himself into the flames. When Spanish conquistador Hernn Corts arrived in the 16th century, the Aztecs believed that their hero had returned to them as he had promised, a belief that helped seal their doom. One sip led to another; Tezcatlipoca got Quetzalcoatl very drunk. To both Teotihuacan and Maya cultures, Venus was in turn also symbolically connected with warfare.[21]. [19] The most important center was Cholula, where the world's largest pyramid was dedicated to Quetzalcoatl-worship. He discouraged human sacrifice, recommending flower offerings instead. Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia" saw elements of Christianity in the pre-Columbian religions and therefore believed that Mesoamerica had been evangelized before, possibly by Thomas the Apostle, who, according to legend, had "gone to preach beyond the Ganges". What does he call my own flesh? Called ehecaczcatl (wind jewel), the shell has been interpreted as an association with the womb and the generation of life. [citation needed], In the Codex Chimalpopoca, it is said Quetzalcoatl was coerced by Tezcatlipoca into becoming drunk on pulque, cavorting with his older sister, Quetzalpetlatl, a celibate priestess, and neglecting their religious duties. [13] That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BC 600 AD) of Mesoamerican chronology; veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic period (600900AD). Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Quetzalcoatl's ally Tlaloc (the god of rain), and Quetzalcoatl's twin and psychopomp, Xolotl, the dog-headed soul-guide for the dead. Only flowers and fruit were laid on his altars as sacrifice. They had a son, but there was no wife for him to marry, so the four gods made one out of the hair taken from the head of their divine mother, Zochiquetzal. Creation MythsQuetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and his crafty brother Tezcatlipoca were in the business of creation. [14] In the Postclassic period (9001519AD), the worship of the feathered-serpent deity centred in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. In their mythology, the world was periodically destroyed and rebuilt by the gods. Entwined in the annals of history, both god and historical figure became one. Alternatively, too drunk to actually engage in sex, they were also too drunk to recall their actions: Tezcatlipoca told them they had sex and they believed him. At temples such as the aptly named "Quetzalcoatl temple" in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. Download scientific diagram | The god Quetzalcoatl with offerings of tamales. 89r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 13: Bust of Quetzalcoatl, British Museum, Pic 14: Quetzalcoatl mask, British Museum(Click on image to enlarge). You have troubled yourself much. Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. Well might they flee from me. Blending a wide range styles from NY hip-hop, UK bass and Turkish psychedelic, to Nigerian afrobeat and Amazonian funk, Esperanto Slang demonstrates that Captain Planet's trademark sound has matured into a truly unique form of electronic music, connecting scenes and languages worldwide through his unique sonic thesaurus.Reviews for This Release:\"Poquito Mas\" is a Universal Dance Anthem\" - Thump (Vice)\"Captain Planet calls upon his geographically diverse sonic aesthetic to create a lilting, reggae-infused summertime anthem. In the episode "Damnesia You," Xavier winds up in the Aztec world and is immediately (and unsuccessfully) sacrificed for insulting the Sun God, and during the sacrifice the Aztecs humorously fail to pronounce his name. The first keeper of written records, he was patron of the Calmecac, a school for noble children who learned to paint histories and astrology, as well as practice the art of war. Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent, precious serpent, precious twin) In Toltec mythology, wind god. To save children born during the worst phase of 1 Reed, the Aztecs held childrens naming ceremonies on or after the 7th day of the week (7 Rain) as the following days were more auspicious. Look now at your flesh; know yourself; see While not usually feathered, classic Maya serpent iconography seems[original research?] She instantly obeyed and, drinking some of the pulque, also became drunk. The legend of the victory of Tezcatlipoca over the Feathered Serpent probably reflects historical fact. As soon as Quetzalcoatl saw his face in the mirror, he said: How is it possible my subjects can look on me without affright? The other brothers then filled the world with giants, who tore up the trees with their hands. [9] Animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include resplendent quetzals, rattlesnakes (coatl meaning "serpent" in Nahuatl), crows, and macaws. He vowed to return someday. Go tell your master, he said to the servants, that I have come to show him his own flesh. What is this? asked Quetzalcoatl when the message was delivered. First they made fire, then half a sun, the heavens, the waters, and a great fish called Cipactli; from Cipactlis flesh they made the solid earth. [23], The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. The earliest known iconographic depiction of the deity appears on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Quetzalcoatl was a Toltec deity, the mysterious civilization who dominated the Valley of Mexico between approximately 1200 and 950 BCE. Quetzalcoatl, however, had feathers and this made him an altogether different being. Quetzalcoatl also shared a special bond with medical practitioners (pic 4), who would invoke the memory of this god when setting broken bones. Please confirm you want to block this member. With the immigration of Nahua-speaking tribes from the north, Quetzalcatls cult underwent drastic changes. Listen to Quetzalcoatl Offering by Captain Planet, 2,134 Shazams. The pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus was named after the deity. The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. In 1980, the mintage for the piece is listed as 266,899,999. The conflict between the two cultures is told in W. H. Prescotts The History of the Conquest of Mexico and in the novels The Fair God by Lew Wallace and Captain from Castile by Samuel Shellabarger, which was made into a film. The 20 day signs formed a precious necklace Trainee runners had to shin up the 113 steps of the Templo Mayor. From the smoking remains rose the morning star, Venus, who is represented by Quetzalcoatl in his guise of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. quetzalcoatl offeringsdoris raymond husband. Quetzalcoatl taught people science, architecture, and art and established government and spiritual rituals. Over the West presides the White Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, the god of light, justice, mercy and wind. Codex Borbonicus fol. Quetzalcoatl, however, divined the locus of the sunrise and proceeded to the east. Powers: As we know from stories of old, Quetzalcoatls physical powers and intelligence knew no bounds. This image from the Codex Borgia (pic 9) shows Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli displaying the quincunx: five circles associated with Venus. Download \u0026 Stream: https://bit.ly/2IaxAlDOfficial stream from Bastard Jazz Recordings. Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatls double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. Because of this, he was closely associated with Tlaloc, the god of the rain. The feathered serpent was rare in the Classic era . Whether the historical figure of Ce Acatl Topiltzin did this, or whether it was the deity Feathered Serpent, we know that Quetzalcoatl was worshipped throughout Mesoamerica up until the conquest in 1521, and that the Aztecs appeared to combine Quetzalcoatl the priest with the deity.Find out how Tezcatlipoca got the better of Topiltzin by following the link below. According to the Book of Mormon, the resurrected Jesus Christ descended from heaven and visited the people of the American continent, shortly after his resurrection. Tezcatlipoca (the black and red are combined) was the wisest. According to sixteenth century friar Bernadino de Sahagn and his native informants, he also presided over 1 Reed. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. Follow the link below to read more about Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning StarThe legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl goes on to tell us that after a long pilgrimage towards the east, our hero found himself so thoroughly defeated by his brother Tezcatlipoca that he threw himself on a burning pyre in an act of self-sacrifice. Sahagn (Book III, chapter III) also made special mention of their devotion to him. A feathered serpent deity like Quetzalcoatl was worshipped by many different groups . He was then admitted into the presence of Quetzalcoatl. Codex Fjervary Mayer, fol.35(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 12: Quetzalcoatl (upper right). In the Aztec ritual calendar, different deities were associated with the cycle-of-year names: Quetzalcoatl was tied to the year Ce Acatl (One Reed), which correlates to the year 1519. The work was left to Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli. [41] However, in 1892 one president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, John Taylor, wrote:[42]. He knew all thoughts and could see into the future. Quetzalcoatls significance and place in the Aztec pantheon is now unclear. In the iconography of the classic period, Maya serpent imagery is also prevalent: a snake often appears as the embodiment of the sky itself, and a vision serpent is a shamanic helper presenting Maya kings with visions of the underworld. His temple at Teotihuacn dates to the third century CE. Let them build for me a habitation deep underground; let them bury my bright treasures in the earth; let them throw the gleaming gold and shining stone into the holy fountain where I take my daily bath. He then journeyed eastward to a place where the sky, land, and water met. Among the Aztecs, whose beliefs are the best-documented in the historical sources, Quetzalcoatl was related to gods of the wind, of the planet Venus, of the dawn, of merchants and of arts, crafts and knowledge. Much of the idea of Corts being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. Quetzalcatls defeat symbolized the downfall of the Classic theocracy. As his body burned his heart rose to heaven, and after four days he became the planet Venus, the Morning Star. Those bones he anointed with his own blood, giving birth to the men who inhabit the present universe. Cholula was the center of his veneration and an important pilgrimage site. Into monkeys Empire of the inhabitants except for a few who were into! Womb and the wind, Priest, Roadsweeper even planet dominated by the Teotihuacn,. Made him an altogether different being informants, he also presided over 1 Reed womb and the itself. 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